PERAN STRES KERJA, MOTIVASI, DAN WORK-LIFE BALANCE TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

Luthfina Tsabitah Subagyo; Lista Meria

doi:10.34127/jrlab.v14i2.1679

Authors

Luthfina Tsabitah Subagyo Universitas Esa Unggul
Lista Meria Universitas Esa Unggul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-9092

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34127/jrlab.v14i2.1679

Keywords:

Work Stress, Work-Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, Motivation, Performance, Manufacturing Employees

Abstract

Employee performance is a crucial factor in determining organizational productivity, particularly for production operators, who play a strategic role in supporting the smooth running of the manufacturing process. This study aims to analyze the influence of work stress, motivation, work-life balance, and job satisfaction on the performance of production operator employees. This study used a quantitative approach, involving 130 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire, and analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. The results show that work-life balance, motivation, and job satisfaction have a positive effect on employee performance, while work stress has a negative effect on employee performance. Furthermore, work stress has also been shown to decrease work-life balance, job satisfaction, and performance. These findings provide practical contributions for companies in developing performance improvement policies based on employee welfare.

References

Abate, H. K., & Mekonnen, C. K. (2021). Job Satisfaction and Associated Factors Among Health Care Professionals Working in Public Health Facilities in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review. 821–830.

Akerele, O. O. (2023). The Link between Motivation and Organizational Performance: An Exploration of Factors Influencing Employee Motivation and its Impact on Organizational Success. International Journal of Business Ethics and Governance, 6(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.51325/ijbeg.v6i1.118

Alharbi, M. M. H. (2023). Effect Of Work-Life Balance On Performance: An Empirical Study Of Jordanian And Indian Hospitals. Manar Elsharq Journal for Management and Commerce Studies, 1(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.56961/mejmcs.v1i1.378

Alqudah, H., Lutfi, A., Zakaria, M., & Qudah, A. (2023). The impact of empowering internal auditors on the quality of electronic internal audits : A case of Jordanian listed services companies International Journal of Information Management Data Insights The impact of empowering internal auditors on the quality of electronic internal audits : A case of Jordanian listed services companies. June. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2023.100183

Alsafadi, Y., & Altahat, S. (2021). Human Resource Management Practices and Employee Performance: The Role of Job Satisfaction. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 519–529. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.519

Amare, A., & Huruma, O. (2024). Organizational culture and organizational performance : does job satisfaction mediate the relationship ? Cogent Business & Management 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2324127

Antón, J. I., Fernández-Macías, E., & Winter-Ebmer, R. (2023). Does robotization affect job quality? Evidence from European regional labor markets. Industrial Relations, 62(3), 233–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12324

Anyam Gift, R. A.-, & Obindah, F. (2020). Examining the influence of motivation on organizational productivity in Bayelsa state private hospitals. Open Access Journal of Science, 4(3), 94–108. https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2020.04.00157

Aruldoss, A., Kowalski, K. B., & Parayitam, S. (2021). The relationship between quality of work life and work life balancemediating role of job stress, job satisfaction and job commitment: evidence from India. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 18(1), 36–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-05-2020-0082

Arya, I. G. G. N. B. D., & Supartha, W. G. (2022). Role of Job Satisfaction in Mediation of Organizational Communication on Hotel Employee Performance. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(3), 147–150. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.3.1433

Bano, S., Mubashir, A., Aijaz, U., Hayat, A., & Hakeem, S. (2023). Organizational Cease Of Healthcare Workers In Pakistan Investigating Covid & Organizational Cease Of Healthcare Workers In Pakistan Investigating Covid & Post Covid Effects Of Work- Family Conflict , Lack Of Appraisal And Job Demand. February.

Bataineh, K. adnan. (2019). Impact of Work-Life Balance, Happiness at Work, on Employee Performance. International Business Research, 12(2), 99. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v12n2p99

Boamah, S. A., Hamadi, H. Y., Havaei, F., Smith, H., & Webb, F. (2022). Striking a Balance between Work and Play : The Effects of Work – Life Interference and Burnout on Faculty Turnover Intentions and Career Satisfaction. 1–14.

Bolatito, A. S. (2024). Reward Management and Employee Performance : A Review of Job Satisfaction in Somalia. January. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10049652

Butt, R. S., Wen, Dr. X., Hussain, R. Y., & Pervaiz, S. (2020). Effect of Job Stress, Benefits and Salary on Employee Job Satisfaction Based on Mediating and Moderating Role of Work Environment and Leadership: Evidence from Telecom Sector. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 10(03), 121–130.

Chakraborty, T., Gohain, D., & Saha, R. (2020). What comes in the way of engagement? Moderation analysis of stress on women marketing executives’ work life balance. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 20(3–4), 349–368. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHRDM.2020.107991

Cheng, S., & Kao, Y. (2022). Heliyon The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on job satisfaction : A mediated moderation model using job stress and organizational resilience in the hotel industry of Taiwan. Heliyon, 8(January), e09134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09134

Chin, W. W., & Newsted, P. R. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research. Statistical Strategies for Small Sample Research, January 1998, 295-336.

Choi, Y., & Ko, S. H. (2024). Compassion Catalysts: Unveiling Proactive Pathways to Job Performance. Behavioral Sciences, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14010057

Cui, H., Sun, R., Wang, Y., Lin, L., Duo, R., Li, Y., Ma, F., & Li, H. (2023). Investigation and influencing factors of the behavioral intention of nurses voluntarily participating in the care of older adults with disabilities. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 10(1), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2022.12.008

Dauth, T., Schmid, S., Baldermann, S., & Orban, F. (2023). Attracting talent through diversity at the top: The impact of TMT diversity and firms’ efforts to promote diversity on employer attractiveness. European Management Journal, 41(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.10.007

De-Pedro-jiménez, D., Meneses-Monroy, A., de Diego-Cordero, R., Hernández-Martín, M. M., Moreno-Pimentel, A. G., & Romero-Saldaña, M. (2021). Occupational and leisure-time physical activity related to job stress and job satisfaction: Correspondence analysis on a population-based study. International Journal of EnvironmentalResearch and Public Health, 18(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111220

Deva, P., Krisna, G., & Suwandana, I. G. M. (2022). The Role of Job Satisfaction , Work- life Balance on the Job Performance of Female Nurses at Local General Hospital. 7(1), 208–212.

Dias, Á., Feixeira, C., Pereira, L., da Costa, R. L., & Gonçalves, R. (2022). The work-life balance and job satisfaction. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 43(3), 401–420. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2022.126981

Duan, S. X., Wibowo, S., & Deng, H. (2020). An Integrated Framework for Understanding Digital Work in Organizations. ACIS 2020 Proceedings - 31st Australasian Conference on Information Systems, December.

Duong, M. T., Hussain, I. A., & Subramaniam, A. (2020). Job Stress , Co-Worker Support Role Expectation Conflict and Work-Life Balance Among Working Women : A Quantitative study on Multinational Companies in Vietnam. Test Engineering and Management, 82(January-February 2020), 744–749.

Fishbach, A., & Woolley, K. (2022). The Structure of Intrinsic Motivation. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 9(December 2021), 339–363. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-091122

Gazi, Dr. Md. A. I. (2020). Job Satisfaction of Bangladesh Sugar Mills Workers Regarding Some Job Facets: A Case Study on Carew & Co (Bd) Ltd. February, 18–27.

Ghozali, Imam, & Latan, H. (2015). Partial Least Squares: Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS 3.0. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Gibson, James L.; Ivancevich, John M.; Donnelly Jr., James H.; Konopaske, R. (1987). Organizations, Behavior, Structure,Processes. In R. Gibson, James L.; Ivancevich, John M.; Donnelly Jr., James H.; Konopaske (Ed.), Business Publications (7th ed., Vol. 11, Issue 1). Business Publications.

Gift, R. A., & Obindah, F. (2020). Examining the influence of motivation on organizational productivity in Bayelsa State private hospitals. Open Access Journal of Surgery, 4(3), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2020.04.00157

Girdwichai, L., & Sriviboon, C. (2020). Employee Motivation And Performance: Do The Work Environment And The Training Matter ? Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, 9(4), 96–107. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2020.9.J(4)

Grasiaswaty, N. (2020). The role of work stress on individual work performance: Study in civil servants. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pemasaran Jasa, 13(1), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.25105/jmpj.v13i1.5051

Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles . Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1985.4277352

Haar, J., & Brougham, D. (2022). Work antecedents and consequences of work-life balance: A two sample study within New Zealand. International Journal of Human Resource Management,33(4), 784–807. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2020.1751238

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (Sixth Edition). In Gedrag & Organisatie (Vol. 19, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.5117/2006.019.003.007

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., & Thiele, K. O. (2017). Mirror, mirror on the wall: a comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 616–632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0517-x

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., Hult, G. T. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. Long Range Planning, 46(1–2), 184–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.002

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Haji, W. H., Madiistriyatno, H., & Widayati, C. C. (2021). The Influence of knowledge management , skill ,. 2(3), 569–579.

Hu, Li-tze and Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(July 2012), 1–55.

Inayat, W., & Jahanzeb Khan, M. (2021). A Study of Job Satisfaction and Its Effect on the Performance of Employees Working in Private Sector Organizations, Peshawar. Education Research International, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1751495

Indradewa, R., & Prasetio, A. A. (2023). The influence of flexible working arrangements and work-life balance on job satisfaction: A double-layered moderated mediation model. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 26(2), 449–476. https://doi.org/10.24914/jeb.v26i2.9551

Jayaraman, S., George, H. J., & Siluvaimuthu, M. (2023). Quality of Work Life as a Precursor to Work – Life Balance : Collegiality and Job Security as Moderators and Job Satisfaction as a Mediator.

Jyothi, M. K., & Saritha, P. (2020). Role of Occupational Stress on Work Life Balance of Women Employees in Apsrtc. Juni Khyat UGC Care Group 1 Listed Journal, 10(6), 142–155.

Kalleberg, A. L. (1977). Work Values And Job Rewards: A Theory Of Job Satisfaction. American Sociological Association, 42(1), 124–143.

Katili, P. B., Wibowo, W., & Akbar, M. (2021). The Effects of Leaderships Styles, Work- Life Balance, and Employee Engagement on Employee Performance. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, 2(3),199–205. https://doi.org/10.35877/454ri.qems319

Kelly, M., Soles, R., Garcia, E., & Kundu, I. (2020). Job Stress, Burnout, Work-Life Balance, Well-Being, and Job Satisfaction among Pathology Residents and Fellows. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 153(4), 449–469. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa013

Khan, M., Daniyal, M., & Ashraf, M. Z. (2020). The relationship between monetary incentives and job performance: Mediating role of employee loyalty. International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Educational Research, 2(6), 12–21.

Khateeb, F. (2023). Work L ife Balance- A Review Of Theories ,. December.

Khoury, M. M. (2021). Work-Life Balance Constructs and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from the Palestinian Investment Sector. International Business Research, 14(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v14n2p13

Kroll, A., & Vogel, D. (2021). Why public employees manipulate performance data: prosocial impact, job stress, and red tape. International Public Management Journal, 24(2), 164–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2021.1874579

Landmann, H., & Rohmann, A. (2022). Group-specific contact and sense of connectedness during the COVID-19 pandemic and its associations with psychological well-being, perceived stress, and work-life balance. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 32(3), 438–451. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2564

Lange, T. (2021). Job satisfaction and implications for organizational sustainability: A resource efficiency perspective. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073794

Lazazzara, A., Tims, M., & de Gennaro, D. (2020). The process of reinventing a job: A meta–synthesis of qualitative job crafting research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 116(January). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.01.001

Le, C. M., Huynh, S. Van, Luu, K., Ho, Q. N. N., Nguyen, V. T. Le, & Tran-Chi, V. L. (2024). Exploring the Interplay between Job Stress, Work Performance, and Attitudes toward Professional Psychological Help among Employees. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion,26(7), 531–545. https://doi.org/10.32604/ijmhp.2024.050961

Le, D. H., Aquino, P., & Jalagat, R. (2021). Factors Affecting Employee ’ s Motivation. April. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.11.033

Lee, C., Lee, B., Choi, I., & Kim, J. (2023). Exploring Determinants of Job Satisfaction: A Comparison Between Survey and Review Data. SAGE Open, 13(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231216528

Lee, J. W., & Song, Y. (2020). Promoting employee job crafting at work: the roles of motivation and team context. Personnel Review, 49(3), 689–708. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-07-2018-0261

Lee, R. T., Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Correlates of the Three Dimensions of A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Correlates of the Three Dimensions of Job Burnout. October. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021- 9010.81.2.123

Lei, M., Alam, G. M., Bashir, K., & Pingping, G. (2024). Whether academics’ job performance makes a difference to burnout and the effect of psychological counselling-comparison of four types of performers. PLoS ONE, 19(6 June), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305493

Liu, D., Yang, X., Zhang, C., Zhang, W., Tang, Q., & Xie, Y. (2022). Impact of Job Satisfaction and Social Support on Job Performance Among Primary Care Providers in Northeast China : A Cross-Sectional Study. 10(June), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.884955

Lohmöller, J.-B. (1992). Latent Variable Path Modeling with Partial Least Squares. Technometrics, 34(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.2307/1269575

Luthans, F. (2021). Organizational Behavior : Organizational Contexts. In Contexts.

Manzoor, F., Wei, L., & Asif, M. (2021). Intrinsic Rewards and Employee ’ s Performance With the Mediating Mechanism of Employee ’ s Motivation. 12(July), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.563070

Maqsoom, A., Umer, M., Alaloul, W. S., Salman, A., Ullah, F., Ashraf, H., & Musarat, M.A (2023). Adopting Green Behaviors in the Construction Sector: The Role of Behavioral Intention, Motivation, and Environmental Consciousness. Buildings,13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13041036

María, A., Campo, D. V., & Carlier, S. I. (2021). The Relationship Between Telework , Job Performance , Work – Life Balance and Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviours in the Context of COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509211049918

Maslow, A. H. (2017). A theory of human motivation. Defining and Classifying Children in Need, 101–127. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315258324-16

Milliana, Andry Stepahnie Titing, & Hendrik, H. (2023). the Influence of Work Discipline and Compensation on Employee Performance. Multifinance, 1(2), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.61397/mfc.v1i2.48

Mladenović, M. (2020). Equilibrium between business and private life of employees and managers: Benefits for balance of life and their effects. Ekonomski Izazovi, 9(17), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoizazov2017067m

Morin, A. J. S., Gillet, N., Blais, A. R., Comeau, C., & Houle, S. A. (2023). A multilevel perspective on the role of job demands, job resources, and need satisfaction for employees’ outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103846

Nguyen, Q. V., Nguyen, H. N., & Phan, T. U. (2023). Unveiling the dynamics of motivation, work-life balance, and work engagement among Vietnamese employees in multinational corporations. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 21(3), 629– 641. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(3).2023.49

Nurdiansyah, R., Mariam, S., Ameido, M. A., & Ramli, A. H. (2020). Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance. Business and Entrepreneurial Review, 20(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.25105/ber.v20i2.8006

Nurjanah, D., Indawati, N., & Statistik, P. (2021). Effect Of Emotional Intelligence on Employee Engagement and Job Satisfaction with Work-Life Balance as Intervening Variables In The Generation Z In Surabaya. 1(3), 316–328.

Nwagbara, U. (2020). Institutions and organisational work-life balance (WLB) policies and practices. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 12(1), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/jwam-11-2019-0035

Obrenovic, B., Jianguo, D., Khudaykulov, A., & Khan, M. A. S. (2020). Work-Family Conflict Impact on Psychological Safety and Psychological Well-Being: A Job Performance Model. Frontiers in Psychology,11(March),1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00475

Othman, A. S., Yee, C. M., Rahman, I. A., Hakim, L., Raflis, A., & Omar, C. (2020). Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction : The Millennials Perspective. 2(4), 81–90.

Panda, A., & Sahoo, C. K. (2021). Work–life balance, retention of professionals and psychological empowerment: an empirical validation. European Journal of Management Studies, 26(2/3), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejms-12-2020-0003

Paul, D. (2024). Effects of Monetary and Non-Monetary Incentives on Employee ’ s Performance. 1, 68–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10691486

Phillips-Wren, G., & Adya, M. (2020). Decision making under stress: the role of information overload, time pressure, complexity, and uncertainty. Journal of Decision Systems, 29(sup1), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2020.1768680

Pokhrel, S. (2024). The Effect of Work Stress and Work Environment on Job Performance in Manufacturing Industry: A PLS-SEM Approach Nur. Αγαη, 15(1), 37–48.

Preena, G. R., & Preena, G. R. (2021). Impact of Work-Life Balance on Employee Performance An empirical study on a Shipping Company in Sri Lanka. International Journal on Global Business Management and Research, 10(1), 48–73.

Qiu, F., & Dauth, T. (2022). Virtual work intensity, job satisfaction, and the mediating role of work-family balance: A study of employees in Germany and China. In German Journal of Human Resource Management (Vol. 36, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002221998227

Rahman, M. M., & Ali, N. A. (2021). Does work–family balance mediate the relationship between work–family conflicts and job satisfaction of academicians? Journal of Community Psychology, 49(2), 361–374. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22464

Rajagopal, N. K., Khalid, M., Ba, A., Mohammed, N., & Al, A. (2024). Exploring Work – Life Balance among Female Staff Members ( Teaching and Non-Teaching ) in Higher Educational Institutions of Oman : A Study.

Ramli, A. H., & Mariam, S. (2020). Organisational commitment and job performance in banking industry. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(3), 1708–1713.

Rasheed, M. I., Jamad, W. N., Muhammad, S., Iqbal, J., & Pitafi, A. H. (2020). Perceived Compensation Fairness, Job Design, and Employee Motivation: The Mediating Role of Working Environment. 14(2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.21621/sajms.2020142.05

Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2022). Discriminant validity assessment in PLS-SEM: A comprehensive composite-based approach. Data Analysis Perspectives Journal, 3(2), 1–8.

Rathi, S. R. (2024). Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction as Predictors of Job Performance among Bankers: A Cross-Sectional Study. February. https://doi.org/10.25215/1201.011

Reiman, A., Kaivo-oja, J., Parviainen, E., & Takala, E. (2024). Human work in the shift to Industry 4 . 0 : a road map to the management of technological changes in manufacturing. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2023.2291814

Riyanto, S., & Buana, U. M. (2020). The Effect of Work Motivation , Organizational Commitment , and Job Satisfaction on the Contract Employees Performance of Pt Bank Rakyat Indonesia Branch Office of Jakarta Daan Mogot. January.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self- determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. ContemporaryEducationalPsychology61.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.10180

Saberi, H. R., Khoshakhlagh, A. H., Laal, F., Mirzahosseininejad, M., Hannani, M., & Bamel, U. (2023). Investigating the Reasons for Turnover Intention of Workers in the Spinning and Weaving Industries in Iran Investigating the Reasons for Turnover Intention of Workers in the Spinning and Weaving Industries in Iran. Corporate Reputation Review, January. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41299-022-00157-5

Sam, G., & Danquah, J. (2021). Determinants of SMEs ’ Financial Performance : Evidence from an Emerging Economy Determinants of SMEs ’ financial performance : Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 0(0), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1885247

Sari, D. L., Storyna, H., Intan, R., Sinaga, P., Gunawan, F. E., Asrol, M., & Redi, A. A. N. P. (2021). The effect of job stress to employee performance: Case study of manufacturing industry in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 794(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/794/1/012085

Sarwono, R., & Bernarto, I. (2020). Leading millennials to 4.0 organization. Management Science Letters, 10(4), 733–740. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.10.024

Schwepker, C. H., & Dimitriou, C. K. (2021). Using ethical leadership to reduce job stress and improve performance quality in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management,94(January),102860 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102860

Sesen, H., & Ertan, S. S. (2022). The effect of the employee perceived training on job satisfaction: the mediating role of workplace stress. European Journal of Training and Development, 46(9), 953–973. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-01-2021-0014

Sharma, V. (2024). Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction for Hotel Employees in Delhi NCR, India. International Journal of Asian Business and Management, 3(2), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijabm.v3i2.7671

Simione, L., Raffone, A., & Mirolli, M. (2021). Acceptance, and Not Its Interaction with Attention Monitoring, Increases Psychological Well-Being: Testing the Monitor and Acceptance Theory of Mindfulness. Mindfulness, 12(6), 1398–1411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01607-7

Tamunomiebi, M. D., & Oyibo, C. (2020). Work-Life Balance and Employee Performance: A Literature Review. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.2.196

Tennakoon, N. (2021). Investigating the Determinants of Work-life Balance ( WLB ): Insights from Generation Y Employees in Sri Lanka Investigating the Determinants of Work-life Balance ( WLB ): Insights from Generation Y Employees in Sri Lanka. December 2020. https://doi.org/10.9734/SAJSSE/2020/v8i430226

Wang, C., & Yao, J. (2023). How Work Stress Affects Job Satisfaction for Employees of Japanese Companies in China Based on SPSS Software. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-11-2022.2326795

Widayati, C. C., Arijanto, A., Magita, M., Anggraini, W., & Putri A, A. (2021). the Effect of Work Family Conflict, Job Stress, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance. Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management, 3(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijdbm.v3i1.1064

Wolor, C. W., Solikhah, S., Fidhyallah, N. F., & Lestari, D. P. (2020). Effectiveness of E-Training, E-Leadership, and Work Life Balance on Employee Performance during COVID-19. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 443–450. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.443

Wood, J., Oh, J., Park, J., & Kim, W. (2020). The Relationship Between Work Engagement and Work–Life Balance in Organizations: A Review of the Empirical Research. Human Resource Development Review, 19(3), 240–262. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484320917560

Yadav, S. K. S., & Joshiya, V. K. (2021). Human Resources Practices for Retention in BusinessProcess OutsourcingIndustry in National Capital Region. International Journal of Trade & Commerce-IIARTC, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.46333/ijtc/10/1/3

Yanchovska, I. (2021). La relación entre la satisfacción laboral y el desempeño individual de los empleados de tecnología de la información. Actas Del Centro de Bienestar Universitario En Economía y Negocios Economics And Business, 2, 141–148.

Yazdanirad, S., Sadeghian, M., Jahadi, M., & Abbasi, M. (2021). Heliyon The contribution of hypochondria resulting from Corona virus on the occupational productivity loss through increased job stress and decreased resilience in the central workshop of an oil re fi nery : A path analysis. Heliyon, 7 (April), e06808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06808

Yu, J., Park, J., & Hyun, S. S. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on employees ’ work stress , well-being , mental health , organizational citizenship behavior , and employee-customer identification. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 00(00), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2021.1867283

Zahoor, N., Abdullah, N. A. C., & Zakaria, N. (2021). The role of high performance work practices, work-family conflict, job stress and personality in affecting work life balance. Management Science Letters, April, 1367–1378. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.11.003