PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJAAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN GENERASI Z DI BEKASI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34127/jrlab.v14i3.1767Keywords:
Job Characteristics, Generation Z, Psychological Ownership, Feedback, Employee PerformanceAbstract
Generation Z is known to have different work expectations, demanding meaning, clear feedback, and autonomy. This study aims to analyze the influence of job characteristics on the performance of Generation Z employees in Bekasi through job-based psychological ownership. This study uses a quantitative approach with purposive sampling techniques on 187 respondents working in the manufacturing sector. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that variations in skills, task identity, task significance, and feedback have a positive and significant impact on psychological ownership. However, autonomy does not show a significant influence. Feedback has a negative influence on psychological ownership, indicating that the way feedback is communicated does not support a sense of commitment to work. Furthermore, psychological ownership was found to have a positive influence on employee performance. These findings have important implications for management in designing more varied and meaningful jobs, as well as improving the quality of feedback provided to employees. This study contributes to understanding how job characteristics can shape psychological ownership and enhance the performance of young employees.
References
Abou-Shouk, M., Hamad, H., & Muhammad, S. (2023). The Impact of Organisational Justice and Job Autonomy on Employee Retention: The Mediation of Psychological Ownership. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 12(2), 447–460. https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.378
Aggarwal, A., Sadhna, P., Gupta, S., Mittal, A., & Rastogi, S. (2022). Gen Z entering the workforce: Restructuring HR policies and practices for fostering the task performance and organizational commitment. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2535
Al-Haziazi, M. (2024). Critical analysis of drivers of employee engagement and their impact on job performance. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v22i0.2633
Azila-Gbettor, E. M. (2023). Citizenship fatigue and psychological ownership among employees in family hotels: moderating effect of family management. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(2), 674–696. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-09-2021-0258
Baker, J. J., Kearney, T., Laud, G., & Holmlund, M. (2021). Engaging users in the sharing economy: individual and collective psychological ownership as antecedents to actor engagement. Journal of Service Management, 32(4), 483–506. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-08-2020-0300
Bhushan, B. (2023). Developing generation Z employees: a two-stage mediation model. Development and Learning in Organizations, 37(1), 5–7. https://doi.org/10.1108/DLO-03-2022-0051
Celik, H., Nowicki, D. R., Uvet, H., Adana, S., & Cevikparmak, S. (2023). Supplier goal commitment in performance-based contracts: the lens of goal-setting theory. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 53(10), 1158–1186. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-07-2022-0215
de Vargas Pinto, A., Beerepoot, I., & Maçada, A. C. G. (2023). Encourage autonomy to increase individual work performance: the impact of job characteristics on workaround behavior and shadow IT usage. Information Technology and Management, 24(3), 233–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10799-022-00368-6
Garcia, F., Guidice, R. M., & Mero, N. P. (2022). The interactive effect of person and situation on explorative and exploitative behavior. Journal of Management and Organization, 28(6), 1235–1255. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.50
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076546
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Mediation Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_7
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) - Joseph F. Hair, Jr., G. Tomas M. Hult, Christian Ringle, Marko Sarstedt. In Sage.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Isah Leontes, N., & Hoole, C. (2024). Bridging the Gap: Exploring the Impact of Human Capital Management on Employee Performance through Work Engagement. Administrative Sciences, 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14060129
Jing, J., & Yan, J. (2022). Study on the Effect of Employees’ Perceived Organizational Support, Psychological Ownership, and Turnover Intention: A Case of China’s Employee. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106016
Krieger, A., Stuetzer, M., Obschonka, M., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2022). The growth of entrepreneurial human capital: origins and development of skill variety. Small Business Economics, 59(2), 645–664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00555-9
Latifah, I. N., Suhendra, A. A., & Mufidah, I. (2024). Factors affecting job satisfaction and employee performance: a case study in an Indonesian sharia property companies. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 73(3), 719–748. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-03-2021-0132
Lina, L. (2024). The moderating role of intrinsic religiosity in the relationship of stressors and job performance: Evidence from Indonesia. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 22(1), 255–267. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(1).2024.22
Liu, W., Chang, W., Guo, J., Chen, S., & Wang, H.-J. (2025). Electronic performance monitoring and job crafting: a psychological ownership perspective. Journal of Digital Management, 1(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44362-025-00010-9
Liu, Y., Liu, Y., & Xiao, B. S. (2023). Effect of crowdsourcing work characteristics on perceived work effort in competitive crowdsourcing markets. Internet Research, 33(2), 696–719. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-11-2020-0671
Mayhew, M. G., Ashkanasy, N. M., Bramble, T., & Gardner, J. (2007). A study of the antecedents and consequences of psychological ownership in organizational settings. Journal of Social Psychology, 147(5), 477–500. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.147.5.477-500
Meng, Z., Tang, P., & Wang, H. (2023). Influence of Individual Skill Variety on Side-Hustle Intention: The Mediating Effect of Role Breadth Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Role of Side-Hustle Meaningfulness. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032574
Muniroh, M., Hamidah, H., & Abdullah, T. (2022). Managerial implications on the relation of digital leadership, digital culture, organizational learning, and innovation of the employee performance (case study of pt. telkom digital and next business department). Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development, 1(19), 58–75. https://doi.org/10.26661/2522-1566/2022-1/19-05
Nurfitriansyah, Munir, Disman, & Dirgantari, P. (2023). Does Individual IT Experience Affect Shadow IT Usage? Empirical Evidence from Universities with Legal Entities in Indonesia. Organizacija, 56(3), 265–277. https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2023-0018
Nurhasanah, N., Pratama, Y. A. S., & Nurmaisyah, I. (2023). The Effect of Job Satisfaction, Work-Life Balance and Psychological Well-Being on Employee Performance at PT. JAS. Applied Quantitative Analysis, 2(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.31098/quant.944
Pham, T. T. P., Truong, G. Q., Van Nguyen, T., & Nguyen, P. V. (2023). The Meaning of Public Service Motivation: Human Resource Management Practices in the Public Sector. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 12(2), 1–27.
Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. T. (2001). Toward a theory of psychological ownership in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 298–310. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2001.4378028
Pierce, J. L., Li, D., Jussila, I., & Wang, J. (2020). An empirical examination of the emergence of collective psychological ownership in work team contexts. Journal of Management and Organization, 26(5), 657–676. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.68
Ravesangar, K., & Fauzi, M. A. (2022). the Influence of Extrinsic Motivating Factors on Employees’ Work Performance At Banking Sectors in Malaysia: the Mediating Effect of Psychological Ownership. International Journal of Business and Society, 23(2), 1147–1168. https://doi.org/10.33736/IJBS.4862.2022
Renz, F. M., & Posthuma, R. (2023). 30 Years of Psychological Ownership Theory: a Bibliometric Review and Guide for Management Scholars. Journal of Management History, 29(2), 179–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMH-01-2022-0001
Sabeng, D. A., & Mensah, J. V. (2023). Job satisfaction and characteristics among staff of public higher educational institutions in Ghana. Cogent Education, 10(2), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2226457
Sims, H. P., Szilagyi, A. D., & Keller, R. T. (1976). The measurements of job characteristics. Academy of Management Journal. Academy of Management, 19(2), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.2307/255772
Suhandiah, S., Suhariadi, F., Yulianti, P., & Abbas, A. (2023). Autonomy and feedback on innovative work behavior: The role of resilience as a mediating factor in Indonesian Islamic banks. Cogent Business and Management, 10(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2178364
Taibah, D., & Ho, T. C. F. (2023). The Moderating Effect of Flexible Work Option on Structural Empowerment and Generation Z Contextual Performance. Behavioral Sciences, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13030266
Tanyıldızı, H., & Doğan, E. (2023). The Effect of Psychological Empowerment on Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Psychological Ownership. Ekoist: Journal of Econometrics and Statistics, 0(0), 0–0. https://doi.org/10.26650/ekoist.2023.38.1258687
Tcharmtchi, M. H., Kumar, S., Rama, J., Rissmiller, B., Castro, D., & Thammasitboon, S. (2023). Job characteristics that enrich clinician-educators’ career: a theory-informed exploratory survey. Medical Education Online, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2022.2158528
Thu Trang, P. (2022). How do work characteristics affect job performance? An investigation in Vietnam. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2116801
Tian, X., & Chae, H. (2023). The Double-Sided Effect of Empowering Leadership on Constructive Voice Behavior: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Task Significance and Task Overload. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020180
Twaissi, N. M., Alhawtmeh, O. M., & O’la Hmoud Al-Laymoun. (2022). Polychronicity, job performance, and work engagement: The mediating role of supervisor’s organizational embodiment and moderation of psychological ownership. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2143012
van Dorssen-Boog, P., van Vuuren, T., de Jong, J., & Veld, M. (2022). Healthcare workers’ autonomy: testing the reciprocal relationship between job autonomy and self-leadership and moderating role of need for job autonomy. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 36(9), 212–231. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-04-2022-0106
Young, D. K., McLeod, A. J., & Carpenter, D. (2023). Examining the influence of occupational characteristics, gender and work-life balance on IT professionals’ occupational satisfaction and occupational commitment. Information Technology and People, 36(3), 1270–1297. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-08-2020-0572
Zhao, X., Yang, Y. C., Han, G., & Zhang, Q. (2022). The Impact of Positive Verbal Rewards on Organizational Citizenship Behavior—The Mediating Role of Psychological Ownership and Affective Commitment. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(April), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.864078
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Author

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Lentera Bisnis disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.
Berdasarkan ciptaan pada https://plj.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jrlab